Trees are considered a wonderful creation that is found throughout the planet, there are a large number of species, colors, shapes, varieties, it is of great importance on the development of life, let us know everything related to Trees.
the trees
The trees correspond to a plant that has a thick woody trunk with some branching on the ground, they are normally very mature plants that reach great heights, they can exceed more than two meters, in addition to being made up of branches that are made of material woody, representing one of the main sources of life for planet earth.
The trees are very easy to recognize, their main characteristic is their long woody trunk, approximately 10 cm in diameter and with ramifications that form a crown. As the trees grow, this crown can become much denser with the passage of time. time, because the tree can form secondary branches, always consisting of leaves.
Tree Characteristics
Trees are said to have existed for 370 million years, it is presumed that there are approximately 3 billion mature trees located throughout the world. They are of great importance because they are responsible for composing the landscape and also protect the ecosystem from erosion, but their main characteristic lies in producing oxygen through photosynthesis and thus reducing carbon dioxide.
It should be noted that its natural beauty is responsible for beautifying the entire landscape, being very attractive mainly those that present fruits, in addition to being able to be used as raw material for construction due to the wood that is produced in its trunk, considered one of the goods most protected natural areas in the world.
Tree parts
The sizes of the trees can vary, being known as bushes, which are much smaller, they have various sizes of stems, being considered as trees but small. Trees are made up of several specific parts, but they can be grouped into three main parts known as root, trunk and crown. Let us know below what each of its parts represents:
Roots
Botanically it is considered as the first part formed during the germination of a seed, where the formation of a portion is observed and then the primary root with a protective tissue at the tip, this organ grows towards the interior of the soil. It can be considered as one of the main axes that the plant has, it has an absence of chlorophyll and it has buds at the tips of the roots that are made up of absorbent hairs.
Its main function is to be able to absorb the greatest amount of water and minerals through the absorbent hairs, said water is conducted throughout the stem through the sap to the other parts of the tree, being transformed into different organic compounds through photosynthesis. In addition, they allow to give stability to the tree by being attached to the ground.
The structure can vary depending on the type of tree, they come to present a main root or numerous secondary roots interwoven with each other. Another type of root are the aerial ones that can be seen in those trees that grow in swamps.
Trunk
It corresponds to the outer layer of the tree that is also known as bark, it is made up of woody material, it is responsible for covering and protecting all the wood that may be present in the trunk, it is considered as the area that supports the crown of the tree. It can present a great variety of colors and thicknesses. It can be considered as the central area of the tree, occupying up to 10% of its entire weight.
When cut longitudinally, the different annual rings are observed, it is considered that when seeing narrow rings they are references of poor nutrition or retarded growth, while wide rings represent having experienced years of prosperity; In the center of the trunk, the heart will be observed, which are considered as dead woody cells, and towards the outside, the sapwood that corresponds to clear rings can be observed.
Cup
The crown corresponds to the upper part of the tree, it is made up of branches and also leaves, depending on the type of tree its growth will be either vertically, and it can be elongated, even rounded. Let's know the main parts of the cup:
branches
They usually emerge at a certain height, reflecting an amount of the trunk completely exposed and free of branches. Through them they can be classified as main branches that are made up of a set of leaves that form cups, they will depend on three types: elongated, vertical, rounded or horizontal. Also emerging from them, secondary branches or those known as minors.
Some according to their species are made up of buds and leaves; from the buds flowers and small branches will be born, where the buds are found at the tips of the twigs and where the growth of flowers and leaves is observed. They can become covered in scales.
Leaves
The leaves are part of the fruits that arise from the trees, through them photosynthesis can be carried out, it is considered as one of the main results that they have from the beginning that the root absorbs water and minerals, being transported throughout the trunk through the sap where it begins its reaction with carbon dioxide and sugars. Through this type of reaction, the formation of cellulose is generated, which corresponds to the active principle of wood.
The leaves that it has in a superior way in which it meets the stomata where it is in charge of entering the carbon dioxide, until draining the excess water along with the oxygen. The parts of the leaves are of the utmost importance, being classified into four main types:
- Needles: they have the shape of needles, being thin and quite fine.
- Squamiformes: they come to present the form of scales.
- Pinnatifolias: they represent a leaf blade formed with very small leaves.
- Simple: being inserted individually in each sheet.
Where do the Trees live?
Trees are characterized by being able to adapt to any ecosystem, allowing them to be found in any area of the planet, this allows them to have a wide variety of habitats, being mainly located in all temperate zones, especially in humid tropical territories, standing out mainly in the areas of Central America, South America, Africa and Asia; being continents populated with a great variety of trees, characterized by its mild climates and abundant rainfall.
There are much more temperate zones and with high latitudes, such as the forests that present a much smaller variety of trees, due to the greater absence of water; in the case of savannahs, they represent much scarcer areas of water and the trees in these areas tend to shed their leaves in dry seasons to save water, keeping themselves alive by the water reserves found inside them, even reaching be much thicker during that stage.
The growth of the tree is strictly related to the degree of humidity and the different conditions of the land; For example, in the lower parts of the mountains, leafy trees will grow and in the upper parts, coniferous trees (resistant to cold) will be obtained. The lower the degree of humidity, the lower the growth of the trees, for this reason there are some areas with small forests and isolated specimens that grow around rivers.
There are growths of tree lines whose growth will depend on exposure to sun and wind, causing them to form tree slopes until they are greatly exposed.
How many are there in the world?
The classification of the trees will depend on different factors, being calculated approximately as 3 billion trees composed of more than 100.000 species, being approximately 25% of all species. Being classified according to the type of leaf, such as those that lose their foliage at some point in the year.
At the origin of all species, very primitive trees with a lifespan of 380 million years ago stand out. Even today, the existence of many of these species is considered, thus preserving the stock of the oldest trees on planet earth.
There are a large number of trees that vary according to the species and in the area that is found, their growth can be classified into two main types, first the monopod, which have a longitudinal growth, where the stem is displayed vertically protrudingof the con very marked branches and angles but with lower thicknesses. Another form of growth is sympodic, in these cases the branches are very characteristic for having an apex at the ends, with spherical or less pyramidal cups.
What use do they have for the Human Being?
Trees are found in different areas of the world, covering the earth's crust and appearing in different orders or families, presenting a great variety of different forms depending on their growth. Granting a wide variety of benefits that have been used for many years, which are very essential for the development of life on the entire planet.
Human beings are characterized by seeking to benefit from the different tree species, exploiting all kinds of forest species, let us know some of the main uses of trees:
Decorate
There is a great variety of trees, some leafy, fruit-bearing, floral and even others with a great variety of colors; due to this they can be used ornamentally. In this case, it is in charge of cultivating a set of trees for decorative purposes; All this is due to the visual beauty that it gives to landscapes, especially those with a great variety of colors.
They tend to be cultivated, presenting great economic development for the whole society, being located in city gardens, plants are also used inside homes. Trees are considered one of the main instruments used as decoration in cities.
Build
Man has been characterized by always seeking the greatest benefit from all natural resources, therefore resorting to forest exploitation to obtain wood from trees, which represents one of the great resources of our society, from which can be obtained a wide variety of raw materials such as cellulose, resin, rubber, wax, among others, through which it is possible to obtain other highly useful products.
Since ancient times, the importance of wood for man has been highlighted, coming to be used to satisfy basic needs such as cooking with firewood and also indirectly with charcoal. By obtaining wood, the construction of essential day-to-day materials such as furniture, buildings is achieved, and it is even possible to obtain the pulp that is widely used in the paper industry.
Shade
Due to the shape of the trees, leafy branches and abundance of leaves, they can be used as ornamental species, being decorative for houses, homes, gardens, cities and other areas. Mainly those species that work to provide shade, mainly those leafy trees with a large number of foliage.
The ash tree is characterized by having an abundant canopy and thus offers an outstanding shade; also the elms due to their excessive size, generating a very pleasant shade, being used to decorate chalets or house roofs; maples have a large number of varieties that are responsible for embellishing plots and house entrances, due to their wide leaves and variety of colors; among many other species.
Quench Hunger
The trees can be fruit trees characterized mainly by producing edible fruits, it is considered as any tree that produces, being able to be dry or fleshy, normally they can be consumed by human beings. Highlighting that most fruit trees can also form flowers of various colors.
Different techniques are applied for the conservation of this type of trees, such as horticulture, where small crops of vegetables or trees that offer some type of specific fruit are made. This type of activity is developed for those who produce nuts, among them we can highlight the following species known as orange or mandarin.
Breathe
One of the main characteristics of trees is to carry out different biochemical processes that facilitate life for all human beings on planet earth, among them photosynthesis can be highlighted, this process is carried out by all plants due to the Chlorophyll present in their systems, providing the large amount of oxygen necessary to carry out other processes of great importance.
Photosynthesis is basically based on absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) that is found in the atmosphere to later process it and thus release oxygen, through extensive reforestation, the loss of numerous tree species has occurred, significantly affecting the climate changes generated throughout the planet and influencing other processes such as pollution, the greenhouse effect, among others.
serve as inspiration
Trees correspond to one of the main inspirations for the artistic environment, being protagonists in different classic stories, novels and myths. They are even usually present in paintings due to their great variety of colors, inspiring numerous architects who are inspired by them to be part of their works.
prevent erosion
Due to the presence of various climatic factors where water currents abound, constant winds, especially those areas that are very dry and do not have any type of vegetation. Affecting soil fertility and causing the loss of essential minerals and organic matter. The presence of trees can cause the roots to anchor to protect the land from exposure to all the elements that deteriorate the soil.
Selection of Trees for Gardens
Trees have a great variety of forms that will be completely related to growth, the shape of the leaves, the bark and also the reproductive organs. All trees have evolved in response to all environmental challenges, where most grow in tropical regional areas with high humidity; therefore you can see a great variety of trees that are present in different areas of the world.
There is a classification of essential trees in gardens and more closed areas near the city, let's get to know them below:
Evergreen
They correspond to a type of tree whose leaves survive for more than two years, presenting very colorful and striking leaves, they can also become a very woody and very characteristic tree at various stages of the year, some of the most popular are the following:
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brachichiton
It corresponds to a great variety of trees that are found mainly in Australia, among its variety of species the Brachyton populneus and the Brachychiton Acerifolius stand out, being trees that resist high droughts and weak frosts (-4ºC) are a type of very characteristic trees in the gardens with strict care.
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Citrus
It corresponds to small trees with a height of 6 meters high, suitable for decorating small gardens, presenting edible fruits and even white flowers, being very decorative and one of the main options taken by people, because they adapt to all types of plants. of land, withstanding approximately average temperature levels (-4ºC).
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Flamboyán
It is considered a precious tree that has a very leafy crown and is native to Madagascar, it can grow up to 12 meters. It generates red and orange flowers but in a very significant way. It does not have adaptation to all types of climate, it should preferably be planted in areas with warm climates and abundant water; It also has very invasive roots, so they must be planted in distant areas to avoid problems with other trees and with pipes.
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Magnolia
It is one of the most common trees in the United States, it has a pyramidal shape reaching up to 30 meters in height. Being very decorative and with the presence of very showy white flowers. Resisting very cold temperatures, therefore, it is normally kept in fairly temperate climates.
Deciduous
They are the type of tree that lose their leaves at a certain time of the year and can also renew the foliage mainly in cold seasons such as autumn and winter, being a type of tree that is highly sought after for its peculiar decoration to be able to brighten the gardens, for presenting a great variety of colors and for the contrast with the landscape, let us know the most popular deciduous trees.
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Arces
They correspond to a set of trees that grow preferably in the most temperate zones, reaching a height of thirty meters, presenting a great variety of species for which they are very popular. Among them are the Arce palmatum (Japanese maple), arce pseudoplatanus (false banana maple), arce rubrum (red maple), among others.
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horse chestnuts
It is known as the Aesculus Hippocastanum, it is a tree that has a height of approximately 30 meters and a large crown of 7 to 8 meters. It presents quite peculiar colors such as white, in addition to giving a good shade, they are not very resistant to the sun if it exceeds 30ºC.
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Japanese cherry
It is also known as the Japanese cherry blossom, its scientific name is Prunus Serrulata, it can reach a height of 5 to 6 meters. It is a very characteristic tree for presenting beautiful flowers during the spring, to the point that the branches are completely hidden by the number of flowers that appear. In Japan, special events are held in the name of the blossoming of this beautiful tree.
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Beech
It is one of the trees that grows with great peculiarity in the American continent, reaching a height of 30 meters and a crown of 10 meters, it is necessary to plant it in an area with a lot of land to have it completely healthy and with a slightly acidic soil and it must be have very frequent risks. It has two types, the normal one that has green leaves and the second, those that have purple flowers.
Trivia About Trees
Trees are a term used for those that have a height that exceeds two meters, therefore, presenting a large number of branches that are covered with leaves that generate abundant and showy foliage. Trees are considered the most important natural species on the entire planet, for participating in various physicochemical conditions that feed life in the world. Let's know some curiosities regarding trees:
Why do the leaves fall off?
The trees are characterized by changing as the seasons of the year evolve, in some being very leafy and colorful in the summer and spring, but in other seasons such as winter they tend to lose all their foliage and be without none of its colorful leaves, at one point we can think that they are dying and have no life at all.
Normally in these cases, the trees must survive freezing temperatures or, on the contrary, a very dry season, therefore, they choose not to feed the leaves, this is done with the intention of being able to conserve the greatest amount of energy that is necessary. to be conserved at those times of the year, in case of not carrying out this energy conservation they will be subjected to the danger of death.
Why do the leaves turn Red, Orange or Yellow in Autumn?
The world is in a constant movement causing different climatic conditions to exist due to the proximity or distance to the sun, due to this the different seasons are born, which significantly affect different countries in the world and at different times of the year, in this case, The autumn season should be highlighted, which is considered the time when the sun begins to be further away, therefore, temperatures drop and strong winds appear.
During this stage, we begin to observe that the leaves of the trees change, lose their green color and turn yellow, reddish and orange, in the same way, the trees begin to lose their foliar zones. All this is due to those plants that possess chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis throughout the plant, which in turn absorbs the different rays from the sun and favors the formation of oxygen on the planet.
When autumn arrives, the days are shortened, the temperature drops and the greenish properties of the plants begin to lose, due to the carotenoids present in the plants that provide yellow colors, they begin to disappear and therefore, the leaves take on a reddish and brown coloration. In addition, due to the presence of other compounds such as anthocyanins, which reflect purple and scarlet colors, it will cause a wide range of reds to exist during this season.
How Do They Photosynthesise?
Photosynthesis is one of the biochemical processes that plants carry out that is of great importance for the development of life on the planet. Where it allows the power to breathe the precious oxygen to all human beings, plants, animals. Without oxygen, nothing would exist on earth.
The process of photosynthesis begins with chlorophyll where it is responsible for absorbing sunlight and together with carbon dioxide found in the air, it can be biochemically processed simultaneously by the water absorbed by the roots together with the different salts that are transported by the sap throughout the trunk until it is transformed into elaborated sap. At this time, the trees store a large amount of nutrients and therefore the detachment of the leaves occurs.
What are the Tree Records?
There is a great variety of trees, some very tall, more leafy or very small; According to the studies carried out, the trees that stand out in their category are classified, let's get to know them below:
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Ginkgo
Also known as the most primitive, it belongs to the Gymnosperm family and is considered the only one of its kind that is more than 270 million years old. Its great popularity is because it is more primitive.
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Eucalyptus Regnans
Known as the tallest, eucalyptus are considered the trees that grow more easily and quickly, reaching very significant heights, in this case it stands out for reaching heights of approximately 90 meters.
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Pinus longaevo
It is considered the longest-lived, this type of tree stands out for having a very slow growth and not reaching several centimeters until a few years have passed, this is attributed to the climates in which it is formed, which are very cold and for very long seasons. Allowing it to have a lifetime of up to five thousand years.
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The Baobab
Also known as the surviving tree, it is characterized by growing in savannah areas, it can become very slow in its growth, approximately 5 to 6 centimeters, attributed to the low rainfall that occurs in the year. There are species that have reached 40 meters and inside they have water reserves.
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the strangler fig tree
Known as the worst, it is not considered a tree, but at some point in its growth it can be considered as one, but it is characterized by strangling the roots of trees or plants that are nearby and is even capable of searching for any plant that is 12 thousand square meters to strangle it. Its roots tend to stand out and be considered and revered as in India where events and parties take place.
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The Giant Sequoia
Known as the largest, they are species that can reach a size of 80 meters, have a thick trunk, some of which are 3200 years old.
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The Bonsai
It is considered the smallest, a tree that does not grow naturally, but is the creation of human beings, its size does not exceed 40 cm but there are species of 5 cm, it is a very popular species in the Asian continent.