Before mentioning the old and young stars It is important first to explain to them the meaning of the stars.
The stars are engines of spatial energy that cause burning, luminary, Ray ultraviolet, X-rays and other representations of phosphorescence. They are accommodated almost in their completion of gas and plasma, a period of superheating of the arranged matter of subatomic dusts.
young and old stars
With the huge sum of stars and galaxies growing in space, it's hard to imagine how uneven the universe was some 13,8 million years ago, when it could only have been a few seconds old.
In this sense, to be able to know about young and old stars, in that first stage, the fundamental universe was a hot and dense soup of dust, mostly created by electrons, protons, neutrinos and photons; an environment so thick that the cosmos would appear as an opaque haze in which light particles would barely manage to walk a small path without colliding with a particle.
Likewise, as the universe spread, the cosmos became a more serene and docked zone that, after about 380.000 years, would end up becoming the "crystalline" sky that we frequent today, where particle collisions are very occasional and photons can roam freely through the sky. world.
Telescopes that take us back years
Nowadays, there are many tools that make it easier for us to see the stars, such as telescopes like the Planck of the European Space Agency (ESA) which can perceive the prehistoric light of those first stars. photons representing universal background irradiation, or microwave background luminescence (CMB). Its placement in the sky reveals microscopic hesitations that support a large amount of research on the history, constitution and analytics of creation.
The emancipation of background spatial effulgence took place at the instant in which the electrons and protons began to couple to form the first hydrogen atoms; minute in the history of the universe in which there is for the first time an element in a phase electrically neutral.
However, a few hundred million years had to pass before these particles could couple and give way to the first reproduction of astros.
As these initial stars sprouted they would flood their environments with light which would subsequently interact with the neutral corpuscles of the Cosmos, transforming them back into their legislative dust: electrons and protons. Sages refer to this phase as the "reionization period."
In the same way, once the reionization season had begun, it would not be long before most of the coarseness in the cosmos -with an abnormality in a few areas- would be totally ionized, persisting thus until what is today.
In this sense, the thesis galaxies Very remote, supermassive black holes, which host supermassive black holes, show that the cosmos would have been fully ionized some 900 million years after the Big Bang. The point of transfer of this cause, however, is much more difficult to establish and has been a hotly contested argument in recent times.
Thus, Jan Tauber, a serious member of ESA's Planck project, explains that: “background space irradiation can give us insight into when the ionization period began and, in turn, when the first stars were created in the Cosmos«.
Ways to perceive some stars old and young
To carry out this calculation, scientists rely on the fact that a division of the CMB is concentrated, that is, part of the light it oscillates in a preponderant direction as a result of photons from the universal background radiation hitting particles, something very common in the fundamental cosmos. This anomaly would be caused before the emancipation of the CMB, and again later, after reionization, when the light of the first stars figured the return of free electrons in universal space.
The first appreciation of the start of the reionization season came in 2003, from NASA's WMAP, which suggests that this cause could have started quite early in world history, when the sky had only about 200 million stars. year old. This consequence showed certain difficulties, since at the moment it did not refer to evidence of the alignment of any star, which would be judged to show the presence of other occasional reionization sources at that minute.
This early appreciation would soon be rebuked, as WMAP's further identifications pushed the release time back in time: the Cosmos it would not have been eloquently reionized until at least 450 million years from the initiation of its tradition.
Even so, the riddle would still be truncated. However, since there were stars, it was not clear if they were the only source of reionization in the universe. However, in 2015, based on the plans of the sky obtained with the low periodicity tool (LFI), Planck's help provided new evidence to overcome the difficulty, moving the reionization station even later in history. universal, about 550 years after the Big Bang, a minute in which the summary was at a midpoint.
In this sense, following the inquiries about young and old stars, another scientist emerged, Jean-Loup Puget, this teacher of the area exposes in an ESA notice: «the deeply sensitive calculations of the HFI have visibly justified that the reionization was a very vertiginous cause that undertook comparatively late in the history of the cosmos and that would have already reionized almost half of it about 700 million years ago». "The consecuencias achieved are helping us to establish a pattern of the inaugurations of the reionization harvest” increases.
clusters in the stars
Open or celestial star clusters are comparatively new. These replicas of stars sprout near the plane of the Milky Way, but their compendiums diminish endlessly while the organs of the cluster spread through various causes such as the gravitational interactions of the Universe.
This radiant open heap, designated M46, is only about 300 million years old and still holds a scant hundred stars within it, tentatively spanning 30 light-years. Located about 5 years agolight On the way to the Puppis region, M46 also appears to hold a rebuttal to its youthful status. In the beautiful space panorama, the round, smoky glow just above the center of M46 (also in the prominent funnel on the left) is the galaxy NGC 2438.
The astral nebulae are a conclusive and transitory stage of a star of solar example, of insufficient billions of years of age, whose centric prudence of inflammable of hydrogen has been finished.
In fact, it can be seen that old NGC 2438 is only 3 light-years away and that it wiggles at an unequal speed with the organs of the cluster M000. Most likely, it embodies an essence in the foreground that, only by chance, emerges in our line of focus of the young M46. Interesting fact about young and old stars.
