Looking at the sky have you asked yourself the question about when did the sun arise? Those planets that are close to it, how do they rotate around it? Are there other planetary systems? Today we tell you more about the Scientific Disclosure Article Of the solar system.
In each evolutionary epoch in science, scientific advances have been developed, due to the question that astronomers have raised, trying to give answers to events or natural phenomena that escape a simple explanation, because it has required scientific rigor for its verification.
The number of stars that the Milky Way contains is uncountable, which is the galaxy where living beings are. She has a star of great magnitude, such as the Sun. All stars have an age or a time and that is quantifiable. Astronomy, in its exploration of the origins of the Solar System, recognized that there are stars that are being born, there are others that are young and some that are much longer-lived.
The interest of the article will focus on young stars and their ability to form planets.
a spinning galaxy
Advances in specialized telescopes and contributions via satellite observation have contributed so that scientists have the possibility of writing some popular science article about the solar system, where hypotheses and theories about planetary functioning are described and enunciated.
molecular clouds
One of those issues has been Clouds molecular, which unlike those we see on Earth, have a content of structures full of gas and dust, coming to form quite fanciful figures, one could say. Zones of great density are identified within them that are named and are known as dense cores, apparently an activity from its own gravity, makes it collapse and will be the cause of the generation of new stars.
Scientists have observed that all objects in the universe, in general, are moving with a rhythm that distinguishes them and are also in permanent rotation, from the stars that are being born to the galaxies that are consolidated.
These dense nuclei of the molecular clouds also rotate and experience critical moments that cause them to collapse under the action of gravity, creating the birth of a new star, which will have a flattened disk-shaped structure around it.
This proposal for star formation has supported the creation of the solar star, since 1.755 and 1.796, when Kant and Laplace argued with arguments that the Solar System had been created from a disk-shaped structure that surrounded the Sun. and that its date dates back to approximately 4,500 million years.
This theory is known as the nebular hypothesis and claimed that the Solar System had emerged, after a gaseous and flattened nebula.
Scientific activity with the appearance of the diversity of branches of science, such as; physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy and astronautics. They have made the studies and investigations have improved and made the theories about the formation of the Solar System easily understood and every day make them more digestible for the less educated, as well as providing day-to-day contributions to the scientific community. .
There are many questions that astronomers in the past and currently try to answer. Through this curiosity of scientists, topics such as the discovery of protoplanetary disks have been developed and are currently being investigated.
What are protoplanetary disks used for?
The Achilles heel of scientists when starting an investigation about the life of the universe is "Time". Because all intergalactic study operates with an abysmal difference, compared to the data of human life. Each celestial body or galactic system has a timeline, which makes it impossible to be observed and recorded by a single person or research team.
After Origin and Evolution of the Earth, we see the evolution of stars, must be approached by astronomers in retrospect. To go in search of all the signs of its creation, development, time, death, among others. Based on the stages of evolution in order to decipher the mystery of the life of the stars. Next, a video by the Mexican astrophysicist Susana Lizano, about protoplanetary disks.
We can compare this activity to when a person loses his memory and requires to be reminded of data from his present and past life, in order to recognize himself as a person, that he belongs to something or someone. Hence the importance for a scientist of writing a popular scientific article on the solar system and thus being able to leave a legacy with evidence of progress on a specific topic.
Within these remarkable investigations to understand the life of stars, it has been found that there are visually young stars that are surrounded by "disks" that contain dust and gas, which are called protoplanetary disks. Faced with this interstellar surprise, these circular shapes of the stars raised some questions for scientists: What are these discs for? How do they work? What can we learn from them? and many more.
Importance of protoplanetary disks
The importance of the creation and development of these discs is that, when a star is born, its formation continues to increase in mass and progress in size. What was a molecular cloud and that, due to the collapse of its dense core, managed to become a star, needs the protoplanetary disk to allow it to continue feeding much more and reach its final mass.
This protoplanetary disk is formed by a compound of gas and dust and will also contain matter from the maternal cloud, the components that were found in these disks are: powders that contain silicates, which is one of the minerals found in the stones and sand from the earth's crust and different types of graphite. Simultaneously, some types of ice and atoms of carbon monoxide (CO), water (H2O) or hydrogen cyanide (HCN) have been observed.
The first central activity of the disks, such as feeding the star, provides a natural setting for new planets to emerge, hence their name "protoplanetary" do you understand?
The disks have different sizes, they reach up to 1000 astronomical units of radius, what they are made of is the material, which will be the raw material from which the planets that will orbit around the star will be formed.
This form of star formation has led scientists to deduce that the process of formation of planetary systems, as well as the creation of most young stars, which have in their nature, being surrounded by disks,! It is not an individual and unique process of these stars! And new questions arise: Are new planets forming with this same dynamic?
That led them to create the hypothesis that this form of stellar growth was a natural, common phenomenon that is taking place everywhere in the cosmos. At least for stars with masses similar to that of the Sun. Since it has been identified that some stars much more massive than the Sun, generate very powerful radiation that makes their disks disappear very quickly, without giving them enough time to form planets.
Using state-of-the-art technology with the best telescopes in the world, observations have been made from the end of the last century to this XNUMXst century. Finding a large number of young stars surrounded by disks in various corners of the Galaxy.
Counting on highly sophisticated mathematical models, these have made it possible to find and study these discs day by day and allow them to be understood in detail. One of these that has been thoroughly studied is the disk "HL Tau, located in the constellation of Taurus about 450 light years from Earth", of which impressive images were recently obtained that clearly show a planetary system in formation.
There is still a long way to go in scientific research about the stars. And what is found in this 2020 of the protoplanetary disks will be for another generation of scientists in subsequent decades.
How did the Solar System grow?
Our planet, Earth, was formed more than 4,500 billion years ago. At the same time in that imaginary disc, 8 planets also emerged that currently continue to orbit the Sun, others that immediately emerged were the natural satellites of all these planets, such as the minor bodies that accompany the Solar System; dwarf planets that lie beyond the orbit of Neptune or as the asteroid belt.
If this galactic moment could have been filmed, it would have been full of giant crashes and explosions. One of the hypotheses that supports this creation postulates that the Moon was formed when the Earth collided with a rocky body about a quarter the size of the planet. The impacts, between rocky bodies in the disk that surrounded the Sun, were very frequent.
The violent impact of the infancy of the Solar System, made this planet habitable in the future. Scientists have estimated that in order to gain mass the planets constantly fought each other. Jupiter is the planet that has approximately the mass of the Earth. structure of the earth multiplied into hundreds. It is followed by Saturn, which is still the largest planet in the Solar System and has only a little more than the mass of Jupiter.
Another deduction is that the amount of water on the planet (almost 75%), of its territory, came from asteroids and comets, which frequently impacted the earth's surface in a violent and constant way, when it was just being formed.
Observing disks in other stars
It is a group of very powerful radio telescopes that have their location center in the Atacama desert, in Chile, and that perform the task of observing the universe in millimeter and submillimeter lengths using a set of 66 antennas.
A distinguished telescope created by human technology is the Hubble space telescope, which is outside the Earth around its atmosphere, which has also given us impressive optical images of these objects. The ingenious work of theoretical astronomers and observers in these XNUMXth and XNUMXst centuries and thanks to technological advances, we have been able to directly see the process that gave rise to the Solar System.
Through these sophisticated devices, the solar system, the milky way, the solar structure and, of course, the protoplanetary disks, with their influence on the formation of stars in many regions of the Galaxy, have been studied.
Advances in protoplanetary disk research have found a new class of disks around young stars nearly a decade ago. And scientists called them "transitional discs" and pre-transitional discs. These observations resulted in the fact that throughout the formation of planets, the disks were found to have a repeating characteristic, such as having holes, cavities and gaps.
The direct observations of the scientists showed that through the direct study of these new kinds of discs, one is in direct presence, of being able to make real estimates about how the process was for the planets to form and it is that it has a great boom in current research.
Various scientists such as astronomers, physicists and chemists, among other scientific areas, have made contributions throughout history, with the rigor of their studies, from different world latitudes. One group of them are Mexican scientists and astronomers, who tirelessly work day by day, in collaboration with other groups of international scientists to discover stars and in turn understand how they form.
This generation of scientists who were born in the XNUMXth century are leaving a legacy for other new scientists of all current generations and will surely be an invaluable support for future researchers in the firmament. Since today his work is highly valued and respected by the international scientific community.
For amateur readers or those who always want to delve into these topics. They are reminded that nature is cyclical and that we have only one planet to live on. Therefore, it must be honored and cared for wisely, so that it responds to us in a good way. Scientific research must be communicated and hence the importance of this popular science article about the solar system.
Read, study, investigate, ask yourself questions, which are the beginning of finding answers and thus new questions appear, more issues to explore. Research is a constant search and more details what to find! It is a feedback loop that does not end.