Let's say that man has wanted to conquer all the spaces and edges that surround him, that is why there are machines that help us cross the skies, to move on the surface of the earth and even below it, as well, above the seas and oceans and under them, but recently our investigative curiosity has led us to see beyond our atmospheric borders, you know What have been the manned trips to space?
There are different opinions about the investment and separation of the trips made to space, since it is knows more than the surface lunar than the depth of our seas and oceans, which is why some prefer that the in-depth investigation of our planet earth be of greater interest.
However, this is an opinion of vague foundations since studying and knowing our space outside would be a great help to understand what happens inside our atmosphere, even starting from the fact of the influence that some external elements, such as the Moon and the Sun, have on the development of our planet Earth.
The first manned flights were not with humans.
Some studies currently carried out, thanks to the development of new space technologies, computing and robotics, They do not require us to leave our planet and go into outer space, but from within us we can observe changes in shape, light and radiation to conclude about some cosmic processes.
However, manned trips to space are a necessity to be able to explore in greater depth the cosmic events related to our terrestrial life, some of these manned trips have marked a before and after in what means the development of mankind.
Who were the first to experience the zero gravity of space?
Laika, the Russian dog, was the first mammal to go to space
Conservationists and naturalists might not like this fact very much, but the first to experience the zero gravity of space in the name of science was not the species precisely human as such, but certain species of animals whose behavior and development had previously been studied in detail.
In this case, the first mammals to leave our terrestrial cloister were dogs, after a couple of tests in which they were used to measure the conditions in which humans could survive to space environment and travel. It is obvious that in this animal experiment there were losses of the same, because they did not support these conditions.
In any case, the first human spaceflight was called Vostok 1 and was carried out on April 12th 1961. In this flight the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made an orbit around the Earth, in this way he became the first man to leave the ground. But the space could not be only for men.
After the success of this flight, the chief engineer of the Vostok program suggested the preparation of female astronauts; thus, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space aboard Vostok 6, which executed the maneuver on June 16, 1963. You can learn more about these pioneers in space at female astronauts.
Recounting the progressive achievements in manned space travel, we can mention that the highest Earth orbit achieved by a piloted vehicle was that made by the Gemini 11 in the year of 1966, which reached an altitude of 374 km. The Space Shuttle program, in its missions to launch and operate the Hubble Space Telescope, also achieved a higher Earth orbit, around 600 km.
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In this order of ideas, the only destination, until now of the manned trips that have not been to mere orbit, is the mission in which the Moon was visited, however it is still in Earth orbit.
We can say that the first mission of this type was Apollo 8, the crew of which orbited the Moon. The next mission was the apollo 10, and this verified the lunar landing of the craft in lunar orbit without actually having to land. To learn more about the impact of the moon landing, you can consult how many people have walked on the moon.
The next missions that landed were Apollo 11, which marked a milestone in space history, until Apollo 17, excluding the Apollo 13 mission. In each mission, two of the three astronauts involved landed on the Moon; Thus, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, NASA's Apollo Program achieved the feat of landing twelve men on the Moon, all of whom were able to return safely to Earth.
Today, and as established in international treaties and agreements, space does not belong to any country in particular, thus cooperation in space studies is carried out between the Russian Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and the United States.
In 2003, China became the third country to send humans into space independently: on October 15 of that year, taikonaut Yang Liwei managed to orbit the Earth aboard the Shenzhou, you can read more about this trip in spaceships.
In this sense, the missions carried out by the United States are governmental, that is, of the NASA and, civilians, Scaled Composites, a company based in California. Some other countries like Brazil, Canada, Europe, India, Japan and Ukraine also have developed and active space programs.
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Some manned trips currently have as destinations the following ships or space stations
- International Space Station
- Soyuz TMA with the Soyuz Launch Vehicle – Baikonur Cosmodrome
- Space Shuttle Program – John F. Kennedy Space Center
- Shenzhou spaceship
- SpaceShipOne
Currently several countries conduct space research
Deaths in manned trips to space
Laika the Russian bitch
As we had said before, the first mammal to be sent into space was a dog, this one was called Laika, she was a street dog that was trained to withstand confinement, vibrations and noise
It was launched on Sputnik 2 in 1957. The ship did not have a return system to the Earth's surface, what she was doomed for to die in space. At first it was said that the dog had died of controlled poisoning in space, however, the true cause of death was not revealed until decades later and it was said that it was due to stress and overheating of the module.
Apollo 1
a fire in the space capsule during a launch simulation claimed the lives of cosmonauts: Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee in 1967. Due to the pressurized atmosphere of pure oxygen it contained, the fire spread rapidly, killing the astronauts in just 17 seconds.
Not all manned space flights were successful.
soyuz 1
Colonel Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov was the only crew member of Soyuz 1, known as the first manned flight of a new series of spacecraft of Russian origin. The flight made in 1967 presented various technical problems, and ended the next day when the ship crashed on its way back to Earth.
Space Shuttle Challenger
The space shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after liftoff on January 28, 1986. the cabin remained without any damage and fell into the sea. All died. The crew consisted of Francis "Dick" Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik, and Christa Corrigan McAuliffe.
space shuttle columbia
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The spacecraft disintegrated during atmospheric reentry over Texas on February 1, 2003. The cause of this accident was that the thermal insulation had suffered significant damage in the process of takeoff. The crew consisted of: Rick Husband, William McCool, Michael P. Anderson, Ilan Ramon, Kalpana Chawla, David McDowell Brown, Laurel Clark.
