Just as it is important to know the country where you live, its natural riches, the landscapes and the Temperature and Humidity. It is also convenient to learn from the planet that is inhabited. We teach you everything you need to know about the earth structure, both internal and external, its parts and much more.
Planet Earth
From a more basic and practical point of view, it is valid to say that the planet Earth is a large mass of rocks. That great content of rocks is known as the Geosphere.
This geosphere forms the Meeting structure solid academic approach of planet Earth. Rocks are solid and compact materials. They are made up of many minerals, of the most varied colors.
To learn a little more about the rocky material that makes up planet Earth. The three types of rocks that have been classified are mentioned below:
- igneous
This kind of rock is the most frequently found in the earth's crust. These could be formed, thanks to the melting effect of the magma. They were expelled out of the core, through the volcanoes, solidifying on the outside.
- metamorphic
They could originate, thanks to the pressures and high temperatures that the earth's crust suffered, over millions of years.
- sedimentary
These rocks were formed by the effect of accumulation in other rock layers. Also, due to the combination with bone material of marine species and exoskeletons of organisms, which were transported by water flows.
geological composition
The planet Earth is made up of a set of layers that have the same center, each of these layers alternates the elements that compose it in a harmonic way.
They can easily recognize that they are separated, at the time of an earthquake. Since these move one over the other, until they reach their stability again.
If you make a cross section of the earth, you can see from the inside out, that it has three layers. These layers are the crust, the mantle and the core. These layers are the Origin and evolution of the earth and are mentioned in detail below:
Cortex
The earth's crust is the most superficial area. It is the one that is in direct contact with a density up to 70 kilometers, with the:
- Hydrosphere
- Atmosphere
- Biosphere
This layer of the Earth is made up of continental crust and oceanic crust.
Shelf
This subdivision of the earth's crust has an average thickness of more than 30 kilometers. This figure rises considerably, below them, reaching up to 70 kilometers.
In turn, the continental crust is divided into: upper crust and lower crust. Where you can find sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks and metamorphic rocks, in the varieties of granite and diorite.
Oceanic
This zone of the crust, presents a thickness close to ten kilometers. It is distinguished in this part of the crust, points where the magma that comes from the Earth's mantle sprouts.
In addition, different layers are observed, which are formed by the sediments of the upper layers. Forming on the ocean floor.
In general, the earth's crust barely represents 1% of the total volume of the Earth.
Manto
The level that follows in the layers that make up the structure of the Earth is the terrestrial mantle. It reaches an extension of approximately 3000 kilometers, between the crust and the upper part of the nucleus.
The composition of this layer includes elements such as silicon, ferrous materials, nickel and basaltic material. Like the crust, the mantle also comprises subdivisions, which are known as: upper mantle and lower mantle.
Upper mantle
It can extend to a depth of more than 600 kilometers. This section of the mantle is quite solid, but it is easy to rearrange. It is composed of very dense rocks, which could be expelled by volcanic formations.
Lower mantle
In this zone of the mantle, the elements that compose it are quite solid. The density of the lower mantle can exceed 700 kilometers deep.
Within the mantle currents are generated by heat transfer. They are part of the movements that occur in the tectonic plates.
Core
The core of the planet Earth has a spherical appearance, whose diameter is approximately 3500 kilometers. It is composed of ferrous alloys, you can also see amounts of nickel, copper, oxygen and small portions of sulfurous material.
This section of the earth is also divided into the outer core and the inner core. That can be differentiated precisely, by the state in which each of them is.
External nucleus
The outer core has a liquid consistency, it has a diameter of more than 2200 kilometers. The elements that compose it are essentially iron and nickel. The temperatures that can be reached in this zone are between 4000 and 5500°C.
Due to the liquid state of the metals that make up the core, they can be easily molded. High temperature transfers are generated, because the outer core is responsible for maintaining the magnetic field of the Earth's structure.
Inner core
For its part, the inner core is a large ball of fire, which is composed mainly of ferrous materials. The diameter of this zone is more than 1200 kilometers and can reach temperatures of up to 5200°C.
Despite the fact that, the temperature exceeds the maximum that iron can resist before melting. This section of the Earth is not liquid and associated with high pressures, it is impossible for it to melt.
External structure of the Earth
Once it is known how the structure of the Earth is constituted, internally. It is time for you to know a little more about the external parts of our planet.
Here the different layers that cover the Earth are mentioned and that thanks to them, it has been possible to develop and maintain all living beings.
The hydrosphere
It is formed by the grouping of all the water masses found in the Earth's crust. These include glaciers, oceans, rivers, lakes, seas and subsoil water sources.
The hydrosphere is constantly in an exchange of liquids, through the water cycle.
The oceans and seas cover three quarters of the entire earth's crust, hence the importance that this valuable water resource has for humans and other living beings.
They are the waters of the oceans, the main reservoir of water on the planet. It has a volume of more than 1.300 million km3. While the second reserve source has it, the waters of the glaciers with an amount close to 30 million km3.
Atmosphere
If they could be in a spaceship, they would be able to observe the earth from the outside. So the first layer they would encounter would be the atmosphere. She is the one that covers the Earth.
It is made up of a set of elements in a gaseous state, which are vital for the development of life on the planet. An element present in the atmosphere, which is what allows the human being to breathe and be alive.
Other gases found in this area are responsible for fulfilling the function of filters, of the sun's radiation. Which, if they affect directly without any screening, are harmful to all living beings.
The atmosphere is divided into several layers which are:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
- Exosphere
Biosphere
Actually, the biosphere cannot be classified as just another layer of the Earth's structure. Since she groups all communities of living beings or ecosystems.
Every living being that inhabits planet Earth is part of the biosphere. For this reason, you find a biosphere in the earth's crust, in the atmosphere and in the hydrosphere.
Each of them with their own peculiarities of each ecosystem. One of the most outstanding characteristic of the biosphere is the biodiversity of species that are grouped in it.
