Jainism is a religion with over 4,3 million followers, mostly Indian. This religion holds that every person, every soul, possesses an inherent divine nature. Those who practice this religion are known for leading a simple life dedicated to meditation.
Let's learn a little more about this religion and see the importance of some of its teachings in our daily lives or in the modern world where we can sometimes feel overwhelmed.
Jainism
Jainism is a dharmic, universal, and non-theistic religion (that is, they do not believe in a god). It is based on the teachings of an Indian saint, Mahavira, who founded Jainism. The foundation of this religion is the rejection of the Vedas as sacred texts, the caste system as a social system, and sacrifice as a ritual practice.
Jains are known for their austere lifestyle, their dedication to meditation, and their efforts to avoid harming any form of life. The religion and its practitioners have made valuable contributions to Indian philosophy, art, and literature , similar to those made in Hindu art— contributions that have transcended borders.
An example of art can be seen in Jain temples like the one at Ranakpur , which we can see in the image below. This temple is not only an example but is the most important for Jainism.
fundamental concepts
The basic teachings or principles were transmitted through a series of Tirthankaras , or enlightened masters, until Mahavira arrived and founded the religion, incorporating some of these concepts. The central concepts are:
Ahimsa: non-violence is very important; it is fundamental for Jains. This concept applies not only to people but to all living beings that surround us.
Aparigraha: This refers to the process of non-possession or detachment from material things; it promotes the idea of living with the bare minimum to avoid the accumulation of material goods.
Satya: Truth is another basic principle; it implies that one must be truthful in thought, word, and deed.
Karma : The concept of karma is shared by many cultures. Jains consider karma to be a physical substance that attaches to the soul based on actions performed, affecting its cycle of rebirth.
Cycle of rebirth and liberation (moksha): Jainism states that souls go through a cycle of births and deaths with the ultimate goal of achieving liberation from this cycle. To achieve liberation, karma must be eliminated through spiritual and ethical practices.
How does it arise?
Jainism emerged around the 6th century BCE, founded by Mahavira , although some believe the teachings contained in the principles of this religion date back much further. In any case, Jainism is based specifically on the teachings of Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, who is considered the last spiritual master or enlightened one.
Mahavira was born in the Vaishali region, in what is now the state of Bihar. He was a reformer who promoted and systematized the teachings of existing Jain practices and beliefs. However, as we discussed in the previous section, this religion already existed, and its teachings reflect much older spiritual traditions.
Jainism maintains that there were a number of spiritual masters and each of them contributed something to the principles of Jainism, especially to its spread.
Its diffusion
The spread of Jainism has traditionally been linked to its development within the Indian subcontinent, and its influence has been limited compared to other religions such as Hinduism or Buddhism. What is noteworthy, however, is its impact on Indian culture.
Mahavida lived between 599 and 527 BCE and is considered the twenty-fourth spiritual master of Jainism. These masters were responsible for spreading the religion throughout India, but it was under Mahavida that the greatest expansion occurred. After his death, Jainism spread primarily to northeastern India . There, Jains established communities, temples, and monasteries. This religion took root in different regions such as Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Migrations during the colonial period meant that Jainism crossed borders and was taken to places like the United Kingdom and Australia. Gradually, Jain communities established themselves in other places such as Canada, the United States, and South Africa.
Today, it remains a minority religion, yet its cultural and philosophical impact is significant. Its practices and teachings on nonviolence and truth are globally recognized, particularly within animal rights movements and philosophies that promote peace and sustainability.
The importance of Jainism in the modern world
Considering the importance of Jainism's spread in terms of cultural and philosophical impact, it's clear why it's important in the modern world. It's not a religion commonly known by name, but its teachings have spread significantly today. We're talking about teachings such as the following:
Nonviolence
An important concept in contemporary ethics, trying to promote peace and respect for all living beings.
Sustainability and respect for the environment
Respect for all forms of life is encouraged, being sustainable in daily life and having ecological awareness, as promoted in various approaches of Hindu culture.
Business ethics and responsible consumption
Honesty, business ethics and responsible consumption in a world where profit is prioritized over ethics also becomes fundamental.
Cultural diversity and interreligious dialogue
Promote dialogue between religions and understanding, since the teachings of Jainism are based on tolerance and respect.
Meditation and wellness practices
Meditation and self-control to achieve mental and emotional well-being. These practices have similarities to the origins of yoga.
Values of simple life and detachment
Detachment from the material, promoting the simple and appreciating what is important in life, is undoubtedly something fundamental for today's society where we are overloaded with materialism.
Therefore, Jainism offers important lessons on ethics, sustainability, peace, and respect that can be applied to people's daily lives in the modern world. Its relevance can be seen in various contexts, both individual and social. The influence of these lessons grows as global concerns about the environment and ethics increase.
