The universe is very wide, there are thousands of stars, planets and constellations that surround this world that is unknown to many. However, there is a theory that perhaps lurks in the minds of many and that perhaps not much is known about it for the simple fact of not knowing for sure what it consists of and what its origin is. In this sense, in this article I will talk a little about the Big Bang and everything related to it.
What is the Big Bang?
The Big Bang is normally understood as that state of high density and temperature that started the universe observable or noticeable. For more information about the origin of the universe, I recommend reading this article.
Also, the term to this fact considered as a ''Big explosion'' It was developed by the late British astronomer Fred Hoyle around the 1950s. It's important to note that there's a traditional misunderstanding, as many people tend to think of the Big Bang as an initial singularity, a point from which the entire universe was born. The Big Bang standard is much more modest than that and is merely an extrapolation of our universe in the past for a certain period of time.
On the other hand, the starting point depends on the physics one is prepared to accept and also on the guarantees one has, that is, that one's conclusions are protected by observations. Today we can extrapolate back in time with many guarantees to the period of the primitive nucleosynthesis. Also, to better understand how the universe originated, you can consult this article.
In other words, this belongs to a condition with a temperature of about 100.000.000.000 degrees and a density that resembled about 3.800 million times the consistency or density of water. It is for this reason that the entire universe that we can see today was concentrated in a few cubic light years and was just a soup of photons, electrons, neutrinos and slight traces of protons and neutrons.
Previously we tended to say that they had passed the order of a hundredth of a second from the initial particularity, when what is meant is that if we extrapolate the equations of the Big Bang model to an infinite temperature, we get what we call the time of expansion of the universe.
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Origin of the Big Bang
In order to be able to locate ourselves in the current model of the Big Bang, many scientists, with various studies, have been ordering the path that leads to the genesis of this explanation. The works of Alexander Friedman, from 1922, and Georges Lemaître, from 1927, used the theory of relativity to show that the universe was in constant motion.
Later, in 1929, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble investigated and discovered everything related to the galaxies beyond the Milky Way that were moving away from us, as if the universe were continually expanding. Following this, in 1948, the Ukrainian-American physicist George Gamow proposed that the universe was created from a big explosion (what we know today as the Big Bang). You can also read about different theories of the universe in this article.
Currently, spacecraft placed in orbit (COBE) have been able to "hear" the traces of this gigantic primitive explosion.
Unanimously with this theory, a homogeneous and isotropic universe filled with ordinary matter could continuously propagate or slow down its expansion slowly, until causing a universal contractionThe end of this expansion is known by a term opposite to the Big Bang: the Big crunch or 'Great Collapse' or a Big Rip or Big Tear.
Likewise, if the universe is at a critical point, it can remain stable ad eternum. Lately it has been proven that today there is an accelerated expansion of the universe, a fact not initially known in theory and that has led to the introduction of the additional hypothesis of the dark energy (This type of matter would have special qualities that would tolerate the acceleration of the expansion).
Some Observations On The Big Bang Theory
After great studies, the Big Bang theory was exposed from observations and theoretical information advances. Through observations in the 1910s, the American astronomer Vesto Slipher and, after him, Carl Wilhelm Wirtz of Strasbourg established that most spiral nebulae depart from Earth. Land.
However, they failed to realize the cosmological oppositions of this observation, nor the fact that the presumed nebulae were in fact those galaxies outside our own. Milky Way.
Consecutively, between 1927 and 1930, the Belgian priest Georges Lemaître obtained the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker equations and proposed, on the basis of the recession of the spiral nebulae, that the universe originated with the expansion of a primitive atom, which was later called «Big Bang».
In 1929, Edwin Hubble made observations that they used as support to test Lemaître's theory. Hubble found that spiral nebulae are galaxies and calculated their distances by observing Cepheid variable stars in distant galaxies. He stated that galaxies move away from each other at speeds (relative to the Earth) clearly proportional to their distance. This fact is now known as Hubble's law.
The Cosmological Principle
According to the cosmological principle, the separation of the galaxies hinted that the universe is expanding. This idea originated two opposing hypotheses. The first was Lemaître's Big Bang theory, affirmed and interpreted by George Gamow. The second possibility was the model of Fred Hoyle's steady-state theory, according to which new matter is created while galaxies they move away from each other.
In this pattern, the universe is fundamentally the same at a given moment in time. For many years he had a similar number of supporters for each theory.
Over the years, observational evidence favored the idea that the universe developed from a hot, heavy state. Since the discovery of microwave background radiation in 1965, this has been thought to be the best theory to expose the evolution of the cosmos.
Furthermore, well before the 60s, much of cosmologists They thought that the infinitely dense singularity of early time in Friedman's cosmological model was an over-idealization, and that the universe would shrink before beginning to diffuse again. For those interested in the history of the universe, further details can be found in this article.
Currently, almost all theoretical works in cosmology try to extend or summarize aspects of the theory of space. Big Bang. Much of the current work in cosmology tries to conceive of how galaxies formed in the context of the Big Bang, to perceive what happened there, and to compare new observations with fundamental theory.
Importantly, in the late 1990s and early XNUMXst century, great strides were made in Big Bang cosmology as a result of significant advances in telescopy, in composition with large amounts of data. satellite from COBE, the Hubble Space Telescope and WMAP. These data have enabled cosmologists to calculate many of the Big Bang's parameters to a new level of accuracy, and have led to the unexpected discovery that the universe is expanding rapidly.
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3 Outstanding Facts About The Big Bang
1. The data available to scientists suggest that the explosion that gave rise to the universe occurred approximately 13.810 billion years ago. This stage is designated "primal universe" and it is presumed that the particles had a very high energy.
2. The astros as we know them today began to be created long after the Big Bang.
3. Did you know that there is evidence that the Big Bang is not just a theory? Although the Big Bang is considered a theory, it is subject to a wide variety of scientific tests, such as the Olbers Paradox, which is based on the darkness of the universe. night sky. For a deeper exploration of this evidence, you can review This article about the infinite universe.
The Homogeneity of the distribution of matter is also appreciated, the Hubble Law that can be verified with the observation that the galaxies move away from each other. The Tolman Effect or diversification of surface gloss and finally the distant Supernovae, which is the one where a temporary expansion in the light curves can be observed.
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In conclusion, there are many theories and observations that make us think that we live in a changing and evolved world in terms of universal and because although excellent findings and great research studies about the Big Bang are calculated, we humans continue exploring and not letting ourselves fall into a single observation, we go for more.
